Annotating PEG with Aspectual Pairs

 

 Master Index: Annotating PEG with Aspectual Pairs

Each article below focuses on a distinct human function or abstract domain, showing how English verbs change meaning across completive, inchoative, and durative forms (aspectual variation).

1. Vision & Perception

Examples:

  • see vs. catch sight of

  • watch vs. finish watching

Subcategories:

  • Passive vs. Active viewing

  • Momentary vs. extended perception

Illustration:

“He watched the clouds pass.” → Durative
“He caught sight of a ghost.” → Inchoative

2. Hearing & Auditory Processing

Examples:

  • listen vs. finish listening

  • hear vs. overhear

Subcategories:

  • Unintentional vs. Intentional hearing

  • Aspectual scope of auditory verbs

3. Smell and Detection

Examples:

  • smell vs. detect the odor

  • sense vs. identify

Notes: Rarely discussed in PEG. Needs lexical extension.

4. Taste & Consumption

Examples:

  • taste vs. finish tasting

  • sip vs. drink up

Bullet:

  • "He sipped the wine." → Incomplete

  • "He drank it up." → Telic (completed)

5. Touch and Texture

Examples:

  • touch vs. handle

  • feel vs. explore by touch

6. Gross Movement and Locomotion

Examples:

  • walk vs. arrive

  • go vs. reach

Aspectual Analysis:

  • go → durative/inchoative

  • arrive → completive

7. Hand Tasks and Manual Actions

Examples:

  • write vs. finish writing

  • draw vs. complete the drawing

Illustration from Jane Austen:

“She began to write a letter...” → Progressive aspect
“...and concluded it with trembling hands.” → Completive

8. Cognitive and Mental States

Examples:

  • think vs. conclude

  • remember vs. recall in detail

9. Emotions and Subjective Response

Examples:

  • love vs. fall in love

  • worry vs. calm down

10. Speech and Communication

Examples:

  • speak vs. finish speaking

  • say vs. explain fully

Journal Reference:
See Halliday (1985) An Introduction to Functional Grammar for clause-as-process models.

11. Reading and Interpretation

Examples:

  • read vs. finish reading

  • scan vs. analyze

12. ✍️ Writing and Expression

Examples:

  • write vs. write down vs. complete a note

  • scribble vs. pen

13. Cleaning and Maintenance

Examples:

  • clean vs. wipe down vs. scrub off

  • dust vs. finish dusting

14. Scientific Observation & Analysis

Examples:

  • observe vs. conclude from observation

  • test vs. obtain results

15. Time-Perception & Memory

Examples:

  • wait vs. finish waiting

  • pause vs. resume

16. Artistic Creation

Examples:

  • paint vs. complete a painting

  • compose vs. finish composing

17. Habitual vs. One-time Actions

Examples:

  • drink vs. have a drink

  • exercise vs. complete a workout

Grammatical Link:
Habitual aspect vs. telic aspect (Bounded event).

18. ⚖️ Cause and Effect / Logical Reasoning

Examples:

  • decide vs. act on a decision

  • plan vs. execute

Each article can be expanded with:

  • PEG references

  • Examples from Wren & Martin and T&M

  • Cross-references to Russian or Sanskrit parallels (optional)

  • Annotated exercises

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

The Hidden Story Behind A Practical English Grammar

Image
 The Hidden Story Behind A Practical English Grammar By Srikanth H.P., Russian Language Tutor and Linguistics Enthusiast Putin Adhikarivarga | Ranganath Computer Center When we open a grammar book, we often focus on the rules inside — passive voice, modals, or prepositions. But have you ever wondered about the minds behind those clear, precise explanations? One of the most enduring grammar references in global English classrooms — A Practical English Grammar — is credited to A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet . Yet, behind these abbreviated initials lies a story of two remarkable women educators whose combined experiences and silent labor gave birth to a classic. Who Were These Women? A. J. Thomson stands for Audrey Jean Thomson , an Irish scholar who studied at Trinity College, Dublin. She taught English in Poland, Spain , and later in London , working directly with multilingual adult learners. A. V. Martinet is Agnes V. Martinet , a language graduate from the University...
Read more

Compound formations in English and Sanskrit

Comparison of English and Sanskrit Compounds Comparison: English Compounds vs. Sanskrit Samāsa Here's a clear comparison to show what kind of compounds exist in English, how they relate to or differ from the Samāsa system in Sanskrit, and how the two languages handle meaning and syntax through compounding. English compounds are lexical and flexible, useful for everyday description and naming. Sanskrit compounds are syntactic shortcuts, deeply tied to grammar and used for precision and density. Learning both systems deepens understanding of language architecture, meaning compression, and semantic relationships. 1. What Is a Compound? A compound word is a word made up of two or more smaller words that combine to form a new word with its own meaning. English: Compound Formations Types of Compounds in English Type Example Explanation...
Read more

Addendum: Sanskrit, Grammar, and the Annotated PEG

  Addendum: Sanskrit, Grammar, and the Annotated English Canon – A Bridge for Indian Learners MAIN PAGE 1.   Grammatical Reverence: Why Sanskrit Is Called the “Mother” Sanskrit is often called the Mother of all Languages in India not simply out of cultural pride, but because of its unmatched grammatical sophistication . The language's structure — refined through multiple schools such as Paniniyakam , Katyayanam , and Saraswatam (as referenced in your shloka) — showcases an exhaustive system of rules ( vyakarana ) that explain every nuance of sound, syntax, and semantic function. Sanskrit grammar does not just describe language; it prescribes it through sutras that are logical, generative, and algorithmic in nature. In contrast, English grammar (even as laid out in Thomson & Martinet’s PEG) is descriptive and usage-based, but its modern annotation can become a powerful bridge for Indian learners trying to understand European linguistic flow after mastering Sanskr...
Read more